Spring has finally arrived in all its muddy glory. Early spring is always a wet season, but this years record February rains and late seasons snows have water popping up out of some unusual places. I mention these extremely wet conditions because in most cases it’s important to wait for the soil to dry out before digging in it. Working in the yard when the soil is saturated can cause soil compaction problems. This is one of the spring rules I mention to many of my hands on customers when asked, “What can I do in my yard to help sustain a cleaner, healthier, out-door environment?”

In the Hudson Valley, the calendar may say spring at the end of March each year but it’s that first sunny, warm April Saturday when all eyes focus on the yard. That’s the day we strap on the overalls, organize the tool shed, set the kids up with their peas and spinach seeds and wander into the garden. This year, let’s try some new and exciting methods of working in the yard and at the same time be taking a more ecologically friendly approach.

In our region, spring is the best time to plant trees, shrubs and perennials because the plants have one growing season to acclimate to their new home. It’s important to put the proper plant in the right location. A plant that has adapted to shady, moist soils will be much more susceptible to pests and diseases if placed in dry soil and in full sun. In most cases, it’s best to move a plant that is clearly in the wrong spot then try to keep the plant healthy by using pesticides, fertilizers and water. Plants that are native to our region are the best choice. Native species have proven themselves over time.

Try to create a diversified habitat in the landscape. This is where the kids can be an important part of the decision making on to what to plant. For a hedge, we will have more success with different plants than a wall of one type of tree or shrub. A bed filled with shrubs, perennials and bulbs is much healthier for the environment than a rose garden.

Native plants that produce nectar, pollen and fruit are a good source of food for natural predators that feed on harmful pests. For instance, aphids that attack honeysuckle are gobbled up by ladybugs, which in turn are eaten by the birds. Various plants that attract beneficial insects belong to the carrot (dill & parsley), mint (lemon balm & thyme), cabbage (radishes, mustard & broccoli) and the daisy family. All of these plants would look great in the home landscape. Don’t forget to plant a few conifers where wildlife can take shelter in the winter.

With the exception of those plants that thrive in poor soil, most plants can benefit from the addition of compost. Compost makes an ideal soil amendment and adds body and enriches the soil in the landscape.

Fertilizing when planting trees and shrubs is generally not recommended. Fertilizers should only be used when soil tests show nutrient deficiencies, for plants grown in containers, and to pep up a plant that has suffered considerable stress. Use organic, natural, slow release fertilizers when needed.

Use a mulch that consists of wood chips, leaf mold, and a ground root and bark material. This mix will build and support nutrients in the soil, suppresses weeds and their germination, keep the soil cooler by moderating soil temperature, conserve moisture, and protect the plant from mechanical injury by machinery. Avoid mulch volcanoes around trees. Too much mulch or mulch too deep can also cause problems. Two to three inches of this mulch is my recommendation.

When plants need water it’s important to water properly. New plants must not be allowed to dry out before they are fully established. Once well established, most trees, shrubs and perennials do just fine with natural rainfall. In fact, a plant that is well suited to its growing conditions should not need to be watered unless there is an extended drought. Water deeply and try to avoid wetting the foliage so as not to encourage fungal diseases. Water is probably the most important element in caring for new plants. Since a newly transplanted tree or shrub has not extended its roots into the existing soil, adequate moisture needs to reach the root ball. Soil type and the amount of rainfall govern the amount of watering necessary. On most well drained soils, one inch of water per week throughout the summer and fall is required to establish and maintain growth. In sandy soils, two inches of water per week is needed.

Now is the time to get down on your knees and get your nails dirty. Don’t forget to keep the kids hydrated and keep the sun-block handy on those bluebird, sunny days. Have fun!!

*Found in the Taconic Press weekend magazine April 08'.